ÿþ<head> <title>Glossary of Medieval Russian Clothing</title> </head> <body style="background: url(../Images/redbg.jpg) top left repeat-y;"> <body background=../Images/redbg.jpg bgcolor=690000 text=fcce19 link=ffffff vlink=fff769> <table width=100%> <td width=120> <td width=80%> <h1 align=center>Brief Glossary of Medieval Russian Clothing</h1> <p> <i><center>Updated 18 November 2006</i></center> <p> This is a list of garment-related terms that I've collected in one place for my own ease of reference. It is definitely a work in progress, particularly since the terminology of medieval Russian clothing is so confusing and controversial. Not all the terms listed here were used in period, but they are found in modern Russian discussions about medieval clothing so I included them. <p> Please feel free to send me any suggestions or questions. Alphabetization is particularly easy to mix up, since I'm jumping back and forth between Russian and English. (<i>lkies@jumpgate.net</i>) <hr> References:<menu> <li><a href=//www.slova.ru>Slovar' Dalya</a>. On-line Russian Dictionary. <li>Katzner, Kenneth. English-Russian Russian-English Dictionary. John Wiley & Sons, New York, etc. 1984 <LI>Kireyeva, E.V. Translated by Tatiana Nikolaevna Tumanova. <U>The History of Costume.</U> Enlightenment, Moscow, 1970. <li>Kolchin, B.A. and T.I. Makarova. Partially translated by Lisa Kies. <u>Drevnaia Rus, Byt i Kultura.</u> (Ancient Rus, Life and Culture) Publishing House  Nauka . Moscow, 1997. [ISBN 5-02-010174-5. Shelf # fDk72 .D737 1997 at U of Iowa.] <li>Nahlik, Adam. "":0=8 >23>@>40" [Fabrics of Novgorod from Volume IV of Works of the Novgorod Archeological Excavation] ""@C4K >23>@>4A:>9 @E5>;>38G5A:>9 -:A?548B88." A.B. Artsikhovskij and B.A. Kolchin. (editors) No. 123 of 0B5@80;K 8 AA;54>20=8O ?> @E5>;>388 !!! . USSR Academy of Science. Moscow. 1963. <li>Ozhegov, S.I. Dictionary of Russian Language (in Russian). Russian Language, Moscow. 1990. <LI>Pushkareva, Natalia. Partially translated by Lisa Kies. <U>Zhenshchiny drevney Rusi.</U> 1989. <LI>Pushkareva, Natalia. Translated by Eve Levin. <U>Women in Russian History.</U> M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, New York, 1997. <LI>Stamerov, K.K. Translated by Tatiana Nikolaevna Tumanova. <U>An Illustrated History of Costume.</U> Avenger, Kiev, 1978. </LI> <li>Rabinovich, B.A. Partially translated by Lisa Kies. <u>@52=OO 45640 0@>4>2 >AB>G=>9 2@>?K</u>. Nauka, Moscow, 1986. <li><a href=//lingvo.yandex.ru/>Yandex. On-line Russian-English Dictionary.</a> //lingvo.yandex.ru/ <li><a href=//www.zhargon.ru>Zhargon. On-line Russian Encyclopedia.</a> //www.zhargon.ru. </MENU> <hr> <p> <h2 align=center>Terms</h2> <font size=-1> <b>3@0D</b> (Agraf) - Agraffe. A fancy clasp, buckle or fastener. <p> <b>6C@=K9</b> (Azhurnyj) - Openwork. A feature of some shoes, and the name of a group of fabrics that appear to be openwork because the linen threads rotted away in the soil leaving behind the more durable wool threads. <p> <b>:A0<8B</b> (Aksamite) - The ancient name of velvet, velvety or satin brocade. Velvet according to Dal'. In 15 cent. in Rus there was navolok (pavolok?) with gold patterns/tracery. Used to sew fine clothing. <p> <b>;0<0<8</b> (Alamami) - Gold or silver embossed/engraved plates/plaques used to decorate clothing. Szhenchushikh alamax are mentioned in period documents and seem to indicate these plates could be decorated with pearls. <p> <b>;5BL/0;5=0O</b> (Alet'/alenaya) - To turn red or scarlet./The color red or scarlet. See 0;>9 below. <p> <b>;>9</b> (Aloi/alogo) - Ruby-colored? A French fabric? Both? <font size=-1> <p> <b>;B010A</b> (Altabas) - Expensive, overall gold fabric. <p> <b><1C@A:>9</b> (Amburskoj) - Used in Rabinovich '86. <p> <b>@<O:/0@<OG=K9</b> (Armyak/armyachnyj) - FAbric of camel wool made mostly Tatars with some sort of diagonal weave (Dal'). <p> <b>@H8=</b> (Arshin) - Old Russian unit of measure - approximately 28 inches. <p> <b>B;0A</b> (Atlas) - Satin. <p> <b>03@5F</b> (Bagrets) - Dye from bagryanka. Ancient purple; scarlet. <p> <b>03@5F>2>5</b> (Bagretsovoe) - Presumably relate to bagrets. <p> <b>03@O=:0</b> (Bagryanka) - "Purple-fish", actually a mollusk. <p> <b>0915@5:>2K9</b> (Bajberekovyj) - A type of silk fabric. Brocaded. <p> <b>0@0=89</b> (Barezhka) - From the word for ram or wild sheep. Sheepskin. <p> <b>0@56:0</b> (Barezhka) - Mitten. Also rukavitsa. <p> <b>0@<0</b> (Barma) - Wide royal collar. Necklace of golden medalions that preceded the wide collar in early Rus regalia. <p> <b>0@E0B0</b> (Barkhata) - Velvet. <p> <b>0E8;8</b> (Bakhili) - A northern Russian version of lapti made in form of narrow boots. BAKHILY - 1) name was used in Russia for various types of foot-wear, for example "foot-wear of fishermen - boots with the boot tops on suspenders up to the thighs, in Siberia - dry leather stockings or boot tops, slipped over onuchi, under the bast sandals, etc; 2) female foot-wear, similar to halfboots or koty, but without the red edging <p> <b>0E@><0</b> (Bakhroma) - Fringe. <p> <b>5;L/15;L5</b> (Bel'/bel'yo) - Bleached linen fabric. See also platno. <p> <b>8;>=>2K5</b> (Bilonovye) - A valuable alloy of copper and silver popular in jewelry. <p> <b>8A5@</b> (Biser) - Bead. Used in the Russian version of the saying "Don't cast pearls before swine." See also busina. (I don't know what the difference is, but I've seen them both used in one sentence so there must be a distinction.) <p> <b>;OH:0</b> (Blyashka) - Metal plaque. <p> <b>>1@>2=K9</b> (Bobrovnyj) - Beaver. <p> <b>>:</b> (Bok) - Side or flank. <p> <b>>@0</b> (Bora) - Assembly; fold/wrinkle/crease; a woman's collar with small folds; a strung necklace (ozherel'e) with beads (biser), beads (bus), amber, metal granules. <p> <b>>@;0</b> (Borla) - old, marked/spotted (like an animal skin?), cotton fabric (Dal'). <p> <b>>@;>2K9</b> (Bort) - Sewn of the fur of a wild goat (Dal'). <p> <b>>@B</b> (Bort) - Chest, lapel, coat-breast. <p> <b>>G:0</b> (Bochka) - literally, barrel - Seems to refer to the torso, or trunk, of a garment. Diminutive of Bok? <p> <b>@0=>9</b> (Branoj) - A sewing/weaving technique. Intricately patterned fabric woven in a technique described by Dal' which left me completely befuddled. <p> <b>@C:8H=0</b> (Brukishna) - A type of sarafan (Rabinovich). <p> <b>@CH=8:0/1@CA=8G=K9</b> (Brushnika/brusnichnyj) - Cranberry. <p> <b>C15=G8:8</b> (Bubenchiki) - Little bells. <p> <b>C@10</b> (Burba) - A circular felt cloak. <p> <b>C@<8F:8</b> (Burmitski) - Small freshwater pearls, sometimes imported from Iran. Aka gurmitski. <p> <b>C@K9</b> (Buryj) - Brown <p> <b>CA8=0</b> (Busina) - Bead. See also biser. (I don't know what the difference is, but I've seen them both used in one sentence so there must be a distinction.) <p> <b>O7</b> (Byaz) - A dense cotton fabric (Ozhigov). A cheap calico (/ndex). Asian, Persian, Bukhara fabric, cotton kholst... <p> <b>0;O=K9</b> (Valyanyj) - Felted/fulled. <p> <b>0@538 A 30;8F0<</b> (varegi s galitsam) - Mittens according to Rabinovich. <p> <b> 5;>G:C</b> (V yolochky) - Herringbone pattern. <p> <b>5=G8:</b> (Venchik) - General term for maiden's headdress? Based on flora garlands? <p> <b>5=5F</b> (Venets) - Maiden's headress taking form of a embellished nachilnik, includes designs such as battlements. Favored by more rural villagers. <p> <b>5@1;N6K9</b> (verblyuzhij) - camel. <p> <b>5@5B5=></b> (Vereteno) - Spindle. <p> <b>5@>2>G:>9</b> (verovochkoj) - refers to a "back needle" (nazad igoj, back stitch?) sewing technique. Also apparently an embroidery technique used to decorate shoes. "Vpered igloj" is the term for running stitch. <p> <b>5@E=8F0</b> 1 (verkhnitsa) - Linen made of upper hemp, whatever that means. <p> <b>5@E=8F0</b> 2 (verkhnitsa) - women's upper garment, blue krashenin sarafan, tower, teremok, attic, etc.. <p> <b>5@H=8F0</b> (vershnitsa) - type of blue sarafan. <p> <b>5B>HL</b> (Vetosh') - Tatters, rags. Can be used to make leg wrappings. <p> <b>5H52>9</b> (veshevoj) - clothing. <p> <b>8A>G=>5 :>;LF></b> (visochnoe kol'tso) - temple ring - Metal decorations attached to headdress, hair, or even ears to hang at the temples. Various shapes correspond to various slavic tribes. Gradually replaced by kolti. <p> <b>8H=52K9</b> (vishnyovyj) - Cherry. <p> <b>;0AO=8F</b> (Vlasyanits) - Very coarse wool fabric for "hair shirts". Also used to make caftans. <p> <b>>8;>:/>8;>G=K9</b> (voilok/voilochnyj) - Felt. <p> <b>>;>A=8:</b> (volosnik) - Women's cap made of netting, similar to povoinik. <p> <b>>;>G5=K9</b> (volochenyj) - metal formed into a wire or bat? <p> <b>>;>G8BL</b> (volochit') - carry, pull, pilfer (some clothing info comes from lists of stolen items). <p> <b>>;LOH=K9</b> (vol'yashnyj) - said of silver buttons... <p> <b>>@A8AB>9</b> (Vorsistoy) "napped"? - Tightly woven fabric with gold or silver threads similar to velvet/aksamite. <p> <b>>H2K</b> (Voshvy) - Decorative appliques made of fine fabrics such as aksamite/velvet/taffeta in shapes such as circles or lozenges and richly ornamented with pearls, precious stones, metal plaques, embroidery, etc. <p> <b>?5@54 83;>9</b> (vpered igloj) - Running stitch. <p> <b>?@>5<</b> (vproem) - pierced, punched, term describing a type of decorative running stitch where there a long stitches on the face, and short stitches on the reverse, used in metal embroidery. <p> <b>K1>9:8</b> (vybojki) - ordinary printed fabric. <p> <b>O70=89</b> (Vyazanij) - "Knitted". Term in Russian actually includes crochet and related needle arts. In the context of the Middle Ages, the term refers to items made by needle weaving aka naalbinding. <p> <b>KE>4=>9</b> (Vykhodnoj) - Special occasion. <p> <b>KH82:0</b> (Vyshivka) - Embroidery. <p> <b>2>748:</b> (Gajtan) - Cord, plait, braid (maybe card weaving?). Used for necklaces in Rabinovich. <p> <b>0H<8:0</b> (Gashnika) - Drawstring. <p> <b>2>748:</b> (Gvozdik) - Tack or small nail, used to nail on heel of shoe. <p> <b>>;>H58:0</b> (Golosheika) - from golaya sheya, meaning bare neck - Description of neck treatment of some garments. <p> <b>>@>4:0<8 (>@>4:8?)</b> (Gorodkami) - The square "battlements" on the top edge of a venets according to Stamerov. (See also teremkami). <p> <b>@82=0</b> (Grivna) - Rope-like metal necklaces for men and women. <p> <b>C;LD8:0</b> (Gul'fika) - ? <p> <b>C@<8F:8</b> (Gurmitski) - Small freshwater pearls, sometimes imported from Iran. Aka burmitski. <p> <b>0;<0B8:0</b> (Dalmatika) - The belted overdresses of ancient Russian noble women were called dalmatikami (dalmaticas) by pre-revolutionary researchers. A ceremonial garment for the nobility. <dd>I am considering replacing the term "dalmatika" in my personal vocabulary with the term "letnik" to be more slavic or, perhaps, "proto-letnik", since I'm starting to think that this garment, whatever it was called, was the forerunner of the fabulous garment we now know as the "letnik". See letnik. <p> <b>2>8=89 H>2</b> (Dvoinij shov) - French seam aka frantsuzkij shov. <p> <b>8>3>=0;L=0O B:0=L</b> (Diogonal'naya tkan') - Diagonal fabric? <p> <b>;8==>20BK9</b> (Dlinnovatyj) - Long-ish? (Dal'). <p> <b>@0?8@CNI89</b> (Drapiruyushchij) - Drapiruyushchix/drapes (cloaks) a traditional garment among eastern slavs that was modified in 10-11th cent with influence from Byzantium, according to post-revolutionary researchers. <p> <b>@0B20</b> (Dratva) - Waxed thread. <p> <b>@>1=8F0</b> (Drobnitsa) - A hanging pendent, as for a necklace, often a round shape. <p> <b>;>G:0</b> (Yolochka as in "v elochku") - Herringbone. <p> <b><C@;C:</b> (Emurluk) - ?. <p> <b>?0=G0</b> (Epancha) - A long, wide "ancient" circular cloak. <p> <b>0=028A:0/70?>=0</b> (Zanaviska or zapona) - Maiden's kirtle-like garment. Worn over rubakha. A naramnik. <p> <b>0?>H82>G=K9</b> (Zaposhivochnyj) - A flat-felled seam. <p> <b>0@C:02O</b> (Zarukavya) - Narrow ornamented cuff. See also naruchi and poruchiv. <p> <b>0AB56:0</b> (Zastezhka) - Clasp or fastener. <p> <b>0B:0=</b> (Zatkan) - Woven into.? <p> <b>02O70BL</b> (Zavyazat') - To tie or bind up. <p> <b>0?0ABLN</b> (zapast'yu) - sleeve. <p> <b>0?>@>65F</b> (zaporozhets) - ? <p> <b>0?OABL5</b> (zapyast'ye) - wrist, cuff. <p> <b>3>;>2L5</b> (zgolov'e) - bolster, head of bed. <p> <b>5=4O=8F0</b> (Zendyanitsa) - Cotton fabric widely known in Novgorod, produced in the village Zandana not far from Bukhara. <p> <b>52</b> (Zev) - Weaving shed. <p> <b>8?C=</b> (Zipun) - Homespun peasant's coat. <p> <b><5528:</b> (Zmeevik) - Name used for a round cast-metal religious medallion. <dd>Dictionary definitions: coil, certain plants (gourd, caraway...), a talc-type dense greenish stone used to make mortars also called serpentine (hydrous magnesium silicate) - so maybe the medallion was named for the stone used to make its mold? <p> <b>CD=K9</b> (zufnyj) - camlet (camelot), a rich fabric of medieval Asia believed to have been made of camel hair or angora. <p> <b>5;57=O:</b> (zheleznyak) - literally, iron ore. Listed among medieval Russian dye-stuffs.. <p> <b>3>;L=>5 2O7O=85/?5@5?;5B5=85</b> (Igol'noe vyazanie/perepletenie) - Needle knitting or weaving, aka naalbinding. <p> <b>010B</b> (Kabat) - A warm, long-sleeved garment worn only at home, sewn of modest fabric, similar in function to the kaftan. <p> <b>01;C:</b> (Kabluk) - Heel of a shoe. <p> <b>0;0<0=8</b> (Kalamani) - Lapti made from the raw hide used by Georgian peasants, chuvyaki. <p> <b>0;8B0</b> (Kalita) - Purse or pouch. Related terms: moshna, kebenyak/kubenyak/kobenyak. <p> <b>0<E0/:0<:0</b> (Kamkha/kamka) - Expensive Chinese imported fabric with a monochromatic pattern. Usually translated as brocade. Damask according to /ndex. (Damask is "reversible patterned fabric". Brocade is "raised overall pattern".) <p> <b>:0<G0B=K9</b> (kamchatnyj) - A kamka-like fabric. <p> <b>0@<078=</b> (Karmazin) - A thick/dense bright red/scarlet/purple broadcloth. <p> <b>515=O:/:C15=O:/:>15=O:</b> (kebenyak/kubenyak/kobenyak) - Bag. <p> <b>5659/:56LO</b> (Kezhej/kezh'ya) - A dense, dyed hemp fabric. <p> <b>8:0/:8G:0/:>:>H=8:</b> (Kika/kichka/kokoshnik) - Married woman's headdress. <p> <b>8=4O:/:8=4OG=K9</b> (Kindyak/kindyachnyj) - Red kumach fabric, printed fabric. A garment made of this material, often a sarafan. <p> <b>8A5O/:8A59=K9</b> (Kiseya/kisejnyj) - Muslin weave fabrics, not necessarily cotton. <p> <b>8B09:0</b> (Kitajka) - A simple cotton fabric. <p> <b>;0?0=0</b> (Klapana) - Flap, as of a pocket or a belt pouch. <p> <b>;5B:0</b> (Kletka) - cell, cage. <p> <b>;5BG0B0O B:0=L</b> (Kletchataya tkan') - Checked fabric. <p> <b>;5BG0B:0</b> (Kletchatka) - Cellulose (plant-based). <p> <b>;8=</b> (Klin) - Wedge, gore, gusset. <p> <b>>4<0=</b> (Kodman) - A broadcloth women's shushun (jacket), usually blue? or a colored rubakha? <p> <b>>6CE0</b> (Kozhukha) "sheepskin coat" - Winter coat fashionable with city-dwellers starting in 14-15th centuries. Another name for shuba. <p> <b>>;>4>G5:</b> (Kolodochek) - Literally "little logs" made of metal. Used to make ornamental chains for ornaments. <p> <b>>;?0:</b> (Kletchatka) - Relatively tall, pointed hat. <b>>;B0</b> (Kolta) - Enameled metal ornament in the shape of two disks connected together at the edge (with aromatic fabrics placed in the middle?) and used much as temple rings. Gradually replaced temple rings, but seem to have gone out of use soon after the time of the Mongol Conquest. <p> <b>><7>;</b> (Komzol) - An "old" men's upper garment, usually sleeveless (analagous to a vest). <p> <b>>=>?;O</b> (Konoplya) - Hemp. <p> <b>>@>1</b> (Korob) - A basket, box, or chest. <p> <b>>@>;5:</b> (Korolyok) - Many meanings, probably the most relevent, "pure metal granules" for jewelry. Also korol'kovyj. <p> <b>>@B0</b> (Korta) - Women's jacket. <p> <b>>@B5;O/:>@B5;L</b> (Kortelya/kortel') - Fur-lined version of the letnik. <p> <b>>@C=0</b> (Koruna) - Maiden's headdress often decorated to resemble floral garland. Preferred by city-dwellers? <p> <b>>@7=0</b> (Korzna) - Cloak, rectangular or semi-circular, fastened over right shoulder or center front. Some authors imply that the korzna refers to cloaks fastened over the right shoulder, with the term mantiya for those that fasten in center front. Seems to have been a ceremonial garment for the nobility. <p> <b>>A0</b> (Kosa) - Braid. <p> <b>>A>9</b> (Kosoj) - Twisted, braided, crooked. Also a type of cross (?). <p> <b>>A>9 :@5ABL</b> (Kosoj krest') - St. Andrew's cross or saltire. <p> <b>>A>2>@>B0</b> (Kosovorota) - Men's blouse with side-fastened collar (kosoj vorot). <p> <b>>AG0B>9</b> (Koschatoj) - ? <p> <b>>AG0O</b> (Koschaya) - Many meanings: braid, scythe, spit, a tall thick grass/herb good for mowing. <p> <b>>BK</b> (Koty) - Female halfboots, with ruby-colored cloth edging; men's upper foot-wear as that overshoe, kengi, put on above bakhil, porshni or lapti. <p> <b>>H5;5:</b> (Koshelyok) - Purse or coin-purse. <p> <b>@0H5=8=</b> (Krashenin) - General term for colored/dyed fabrics. <p> <b>@0H5=8==8:</b> (Krasheninnik) - A kind of sarafan (perhaps made of krashenin fabric?) <p> <b>@5ABL B5;=8:</b> (Krest' telnik) - Cross worn around the neck against the skin by Orthodos Rux. "Never" taken off. <p> <b>@8=0<8</b> (Krinami) - ? <p> <b>@><:0</b> (Kromka) - Selvedge. <p> <b>@C6520</b> (Kruzheva) - Lace. <p> <b>C1>2K9</b> (Kubovyj) - Deep blue. <p> <b>C<0G</b> (Kumach) - Fabric found in Muscovite Rus in 15-17th centuries - simple imported cotton fabric, usually alogo (ruby?) colored, now and then dark blue, earlier used for sarafan, much later for flags. <p> <b>C<0H=K9</b> (Kumashnyj) - ? <p> <b>C=BCH</b> (Kuntush) - An old Polish and Ukrainian kaftan with wide folded sleeves. <p> <b>C=BKH</b> (Kuntysh) - A kind of sarafan according to Rabinovich. <p> <b>C@B>:</b> (Kurtok) - A type of jacket - a traditional garment among eastern slavs that was modified in 10-11th cent with influence from Byzantium, according to post-revolutionary researchers. A type of raspashnyj. <p> <b>CDB5@=>9</b> (Kufternoj) - An imported fabric from the east? <p> <b>CH0:</b> (Kushak) - Sash. <p> <b>07>@L/;07C@L/;07>@520O</b> (Lazor'/Lazur'/Lazorevaya) - Azhure blue color or dye. <p> <b>0;</b> (Lal) - A valuable stone such as rubin (ruby) or yakhont (ruby/sapphire). <p> <b>0?B8</b> (Lapti) - Shoes woven of bast and/or coarse leather strips. Take different forms in different areas of Russia. See also pleteshki and bakhili. Aka ;CG5=8FK, ;CG0:8. <p> <b>0BC=L</b> (Latun') - Brass. <p> <b>5B=8:</b> (Letnik) - related to word for summer "leto", but also similar to root of words such as letet' (to fly) and letchik (pilot) - Overdress that opens in front and has long wide sleeves that leaves the bottom seam open to allow more wing-like appearance with the resulting flaps. Appears in 14-15th centuries. (But see also, dalmatika.) <p> <b>8;>2K9</b> (Lilovyj) - Purple. <p> <b>8A8F0</b> (Lisitsa) - Fox. <p> <b>8D</b> (Lif) - Bodice. <p> <b>>:>BL</b> (Lokot') - Elbow, cubit. <p> <b>>?0ABL</b> (Lopast') - literally, a widened end of something, blade of a propeller - Used to describe the area of a Novgorod style kika that covers the ears. <p> <b>C:>2K9</b> (Lukovyj) - Bast. <p> <b>C=4KH</b> (Lundysh) - ? <p> <b>C==8FK</b> (Lunnitsy) - Crescent moon shapes. A common Russian design motif. Also metal ornaments in this shape. <p> <b>0:CH:0</b> (makushka) - Crown of head (left uncovered by maiden's headdresses). <p> <b>0=65B0</b> (manzheta) - buttoned on or sewn on cuff of shirt. <p> <b>0=B8O</b> (Mantiya) - The cloaks of ancient Russian noble women were called mantiyami (mantles) by pre-revolutionary researchers who drew direct analogues between princely garments and Byzantine fashion of 10-11th cent. <p> <b>5@;CH:0</b> (merlushka) - Lambskin. <p> <b>5E</b> (Mekh) - Fur. <p> <b>8B:0;L</b> (mitkal') - calico, muslin, unprinted fabric, chintz. <p> <b>>=8AB></b> (monisto) - Necklace. <p> <b>>E5@</b> (mokher) - Mohair. <p> <b>>H=0</b> (moshna) - Purse, pouch. <p> <b>CE>O@/<>E0@>2K9</b> (mukhoyar/mukharovyj) - An old Asian fabric of cotton blended with silk or wool. <p> <b>0154@5==>5</b> (Nabedrennoe) - A class of clothing that includes the poneva. <p> <b>02>;>:</b> (Navolok) - Term used in describing a fancy form of aksamite. See aksamite. <p> <b>025A=8</b> (Navesni) - Use of accessories worn with clothing as decoration - removable cuffs and collars, for example. Contrast with nepodvizhni. <p> <b>03>;5=:8</b> (nagolenki) - A type of peasant stocking without a toe or heel. <p> <b>03>;L=0O</b> (Nagol'naya) - Fur coat without a fabric outer covering. Worn by Rus too poor to be able to afford fabric. <p> <b>03@C4=8:</b> (nagrudnik) - breast plate, plastron, children's bib, breast-collar of horse harness. <p> <b>0:84:0</b> (nakidka) - cape, cloak, mantlet. <p> <b>0:;04:8</b> (Nakladki) "lining"/"wig" - Wide fur lining/edging - extends up to knee or up to half a yard wide. This extravagance of fur astonished foreign visitors. <p> <b>0:;04=0O >45640</b> (nakladnaya odezhda) - clothing put on over the head, "pull over". Versus raspashnaya clothing. <p> <b>0?;5G=0O >45640</b> (naplechnaya odezhda) - literally, on-shoulder clothing. Cloaks, overcoats worn over the shoulders, possibly also a wide collar. <p> <b>0@0<=8:</b> (Naramnik) - Another term for zapona/zanaviska. <dd>In 13-15 cent. a long or short overgarment, prepared from a piece of cloth folded in half with the opening for the head, sometimes tied with the belt, on the edge it could be finished otdelana mexom. <p> <b>0@CG0</b> (Narucha) - Sleeve ornament. Wide embroidered removable cuffs. See also zarukava and poruchiv. <p> <b>0@O4=K9</b> (naryadnyj) - Well-dressed, smart, elegant, fancy. <p> <b>0AB@0D8;L=>9</b> (Nastrafil'noj) - ? Strafit'sya means "to happen, to make, to be realized." <p> <b>0B5;L=0O >45640</b> (natel'naya odezhda) - Next-to-skin clothing, presumably the same as underwear. <p> <b>0B5;L=>5 15;L5</b> (natel'noe bel'yo) - Underwear. <p> <b>025@H=8:</b> (Navershnik) - Overgarment with wide short sleeves and shorter hem (calf length) than the rubakha underneath. <p> <b>0C7>;L=8:8</b> (Nauzol'niki) - Metal badges used to make belts. <p> <b>0G8;=8:</b> (Nachilnik) - Another form of maiden's headdress - fillets, diadems and/or ornamented headbands. <p> <b>0H82:0</b> (nashivka) - Stripe, chevron, something sewn on such as galloon, braid, those horizontal decorations attached to the buttons on the torso of a kaftan, etc. <p> <b>5?>4286=8</b> (Nepodvizhni) - Refers to use of embroidery directly on clothing to embelish the costume. Includes silk embroidery, metal threads, and couching. Contrast with "navesni" decoration. <p> <b>86=>5 15;L5</b> (Nizhnoye bel'yo) - Underwear. <p> <b>>28=0</b> (Novina) - Peasant linen, esp. unbleached/brown/harsh. <p> <b>>3>28F0</b> (Nogovitsa) - Leggings (or the upper part of shoes that covers the shin?). The Russian equivalent of chausse? <p> <b>>A>:</b> (Nosok) - Socks (not worn in period?) or the toe of a shoe. <p> <b>15@B:8</b> (Obertki) - Wraps - see onuchi. <p> <b>1<>B>:</b> (obmotok) - Leg wraps. <p> <b>1=87>9</b> (obniznoj) - Same as povoinik. <p> <b>1=87L/>1=87LN</b> (obniz'/obniz'yu) - Same as ozherl'e? Necklace, collar, headdress? <p> <b>1=87820;8AL</b> (obnizivalis') - From "nizat'"? to thread or string? <p> <b>1>@0<8</b> (oborami) - Long hemp shoe ties. A "later" term? <p> <b>1@075F</b> (obrazets) - Pattern. <p> <b>1@CG8</b> (obruchi) - Hoops, often for bracelets, or temple rings, perhaps even grivna-type necklaces. <p> <b>1H82:0</b> (obshivka) - edging, border <p> <b>1H;03</b> (obshlag) - Cuff. <p> <b>1JO@</b> (Ob"yar) - Expensive silk moire fabric often with gold or silver. <p> <b>2G8=0</b> (ovchina) - sheepskin. <p> <b>3=82></b> (ognivo) - Fire steel? (Worn on the belt sometimes) <p> <b>4=>@O4:0</b> (Odnoryadka) - literally, "one layer" - A woman's or man's outer garment of later period Rus - open down the front, with floor-length (!) sleeves that have openings at the armholes. <p> <b>65@;O/>65@5;L5</b> (Ozherlya/ozherel'e) - Necklace or wide stiffened highly decorated circular collar worn over garments. See navesni. <p> <b>;>2></b> (Olovo) - Tin. <b>=CG8</b> (Onuchi) - Leg wraps, used instead of stockings. Narrow, long (up to 5 meters) pieces of fabric wrapped around the legs instead of stockings. See also portyanki, portyanitsa, podvertki, obmotok. <p> <b>?0H=8</b> (Opashni) - Overgarment made of fine smooth wool with long narrow sleeves and cut with a hem shorter in front than in back. Often worn over the shoulders. Compare with the Novgorodian shuba as described by Predslava Vydrina based on Giliarovskaia. <p> <b>?;5GL5</b> (Oplech'e) - literally, around the shoulder - A type of collar. See barma, ozherelya. <p> <b>A=>20</b> (Osnova) - literally, foundation - Warp. <p> <b>B5;L:0</b> (Otel'ka) - Insole. <p> <b>B:84=>9</b> (Otkidnoj) - Term used to describe the long sleeves of the odnoryadka. Dictionary definitions include: folding, collapsing, tossed aside, thrown back... Perhaps used because, with the arms through the holes at the shoulder area, the empty floor-length sleeves are "thrown back" behind. <p> <b>B>@G5=K</b> (Otorcheny) - Edged, trimmed. <p> <b>B>@>G:0</b> (Otorochka) - Trimming, edging. <p> <b>B@57=>9</b> (Otreznoj) - Detachable/fastened. Indicates that a garment is formed from separate bodice and skirt pieces joined with a seam at the waist. <p> <b>B2>@>B0</b> (Otvorota) - Lapel or cuff, as on a hat. <p> <b>B45;:0</b> (otdelka) - trim, finishing, decorating. <p> <b>E015=</b> (okhaben) - A type of northern Russian skirt. A synonym for ponyava. <p> <b>G5;L5/G5;></b> (Ochel'e/chelo) - More highly decorated part of a headdress placed at the forehead. <p> <b>0@04=K9</b> (Paradnyj) - Formal, dressy, festive. <p> <b>020;>:</b> (Pavalok) - General term for fine imported fabrics such as velvets, brocades, taffetas, chiffons, aksamite, altabas... or <dd>Eastern embroidered silk fabric. <p> <b>0@G0</b> (parcha) - Brocade. <p> <b>5@52O7:0/?>2OA:0</b> (perevyaska/povyaska) - maiden's headdress - silk ribbon (lenta). <p> <b>5@;0<CB@</b> (Perlamutr) - Mother-of-pearl. <p> <b>5@AB=8</b> (Perstni) - Metal finger rings with inset stones. <p> <b>5AB@O4</b> (Pestryad) - Multi-colored checked wool fabric known from 12-13th cent. burials. Used to make ponovas. <p> <b>5B;O</b> (Petlya) - Loop, buttonhole, noose, stitch. <p> <b>;0B/?;0B>:</b> (plat/platok) - Scarf, kerchief, veil. <p> <b>;0EB0</b> (Plakhta) - Traditional womans holiday dress of Ukrainian origin, a skirt or apron of 2 widths of woolen patterned material. Compare with poneva. Also a primitive Ukrainian fabric, striped or checked, and also a quadrangular piece of it, worn in the form of a skirt. <p> <b>;0H</b> (Plash) - A cloak, often edged/trimmed. <p> <b>;0H5284=>9</b> (Plashevidnoj) - Cloak-like. <p> <b>;0B=></b> (Platno) - Bleached linen fabric. One of the most commonly found materials in excavations. See also bel'. <p> <b>;5B5H:8</b> (Pleteshki) "woven" - Shoes woven like lapti but using wool scraps or even silk ribbon. Worn by city dwellers. <p> <b>>2>9/?>2>9=8:</b> (Povoi/povoinik) - Married women's headwrap. The povoi is more of a scarf (see ubrus), while a povoinik is a relatively fitted cap. Also podubrusnik, volosnik, ochipak. <p> <b>>2>;>:</b> (povolok) - Veil. <p> <b>>2>@>70<8</b> (povorozami) - Long leather shoe ties. <p> <b>>2O7:0</b> (povyazka) - bandage, band, armlet, fillet. <p> <b>>418BL</b> (Podbit') - To nail on, as in the heel of a shoe. <p> <b>>425@B:8</b> (Podvertki) - Leg wraps worn instead of stockings. Could be made of linen, sukno (smooth wool), ponitki (?) or rags. See onuchi, portyanki. <p> <b>>4=870</b> (Podniza) - Openwork lace-like decoration made of pearl strands that appears in Muscovite period fashions. <p> <b>>4>;</b> (Podol) - Lap of skirt? <p> <b>>4>H20</b> (Podoshva) - Sole of a shoe. <p> <b>>4>H20</b> (podoshva) - Soft leather shoe. <p> <b>>4C1@CA=8:</b> (podubrusnik) - Worn under ubrus and povyazka - same as povoinik, volosnik, ochilok (Rabinovich) <p> <b>>4J5<0</b> (pod"ema) - Instep. <p> <b>>;/?>;0/?>;:0</b> (pol/pola/polka) - width of fabric, flap of garment, as in the front flap/lapel, or the skirt flap (not a pocket flap - that's a klapana). <p> <b>>;>B5=F5</b> (Polotentse) - literally "towel" - A white linen head-scarf with embroidered and fringed ends worn by women with one end hanging in front and one end hanging back, tied at the nape of the neck (?). Apparently is not the same as an ubrus. Maybe a type of ubrus, depending on whether you're a lumper or a splitter. <p> <b>>;>B8O=>5 ?5@5?;5B5=85</b> (Polotiyanoe perepletenie) - Plain/tabby weave. <p> <b>>;>B=></b> (polotno) - Towel? Hem? (one of the "decorated edges" in a garment description I found). <p> <b>>;>G5:</b> (polochek) - Decoration for porshnoi shoes. Woven (pleteshok) somehow? <p> <b>>;C70?>6:8</b> (Poluzapozhki) - Half boots. <p> <b>>;CHC1:0</b> (polushubka) - A "half" shubka. A short sheepskin coat. <p> <b>>;O</b> (polya) - Brim of a hat. <p> <b>>=520/?>=O20</b> (Ponyova/ponyava) - Woman's wrap skirt. A type of "nabedrennoe" clothing. <p> <b>>@B8I5</b> (Portishche) - "Lace on portische, sewn with gold and silver". Item found passed on in wills. Shoes? <p> <b>>@B:8</b> (portki) - Pants or leg wraps? <p> <b>>@B=></b> (Portno) - Narrow coarse linen for peasant and work rubakhas. <p> <b>>@BK</b> (Porty) - In 10-13th cent. Rus, narrow (not loose) ankle-length trousers that narrow toward the bottom. Used as a term for undertrousers in Rabinovich's discussion of 13th-17th Russian clothing (he uses the term shtany for the overtrousers). <p> <b>>@BO=:8/?>@BO=8F0</b> (Portyanki/portyanitsa) - Leg wraps worn under shoes instead of stockings. Measure 1.5 arshin (i.e. 42 in ?). See onuchi, podvertki. Zhargon says worn instead of, or over, socks. <p> <b>>@CG82</b> (Poruchiv) - Decorative cuff. See also zarukava and narucha. <p> <b>>@H=8/?>AB>;8</b> (Porshni/postoli) - Leather shoes. Shoes of one or a few pieces of leather (usually of horsehide, but the better ones were of pig), gathered at the ankle with a small strap; usually worn in summer, in mowing/the meadow. Originate in ancient Greece as soft leather footwear usually worn by paupers per zhargon. <p> <b>>A:>=L/?>A:>==K9</b> (poskon'/poskonnyj) - hemp. <p> <b>>B08G</b> (potaich [sic]) - slip-stitch (goes with the flat-felled seam). <p> <b>@825A:8</b> (Priveski) - A general term for metal ornaments including: temple rings, earrings, chatelaines, and amulets, but tends to be used mostly for amulets and chatelaines, while the temple rings are called visochnye kol'tsa, and earrings are called ser'gi in informatin about medieval Russian costume. <p> <b>@82>7=>9</b> (Privoznoj) - Imported. <p> <b>@82>;>:</b> (privolok) - a short, wide cloak that replaced the korzna <p> <b>@8ABO6=K5</b> (pristyazhnye) - Fastener. <p> <b>@8H20</b> (prishva) - "head" of a boot? <p> <b>@8H82:0</b> (prishivka) - ? <p> <b>@>45@6:8</b> (proderzhki) - "passed through" - colored threads passed through holes in leather of shoes for decoration? <b>@>@5E0</b> (Prorekha) literally, a tear or break - In clothing the notch of a lapel or a cuff. <p> <b>@>B@020</b> (Protrava) - Mordant. <p> <b>@O6:0</b> (Pryazhka) - Buckle. <p> <b>@>4C1;8@>20=K</b> (Produblirovany) - literally, traced or doubled - Technique of tracing the seams/edges of rubakhas with red threads. <p> <b>@>H2K</b> (proshvy) - embroidery/decoration for shoes. <p> <b>@O;:0</b> (Pryalka) - Distaff or spinning wheel. <p> <b>C@?C@=K9</b> (Purpurnyj) - Crimson, purple. <p> <b>CH:8</b> (pushki) - Mordvinian earrings, pendants of fluff/down/white fur (Dal') <p> <b>OB0</b> (pyata) - heel. <p> <b> 0A?0H<>9</b> (Raspashnoj) - Garments that open down the front, usually open all the way to the hem. <dd>The overdresses of ancient Russian noble women were called raspashnyye (translated as chasubles) by pre-revolutionary researchers who drew direct analogues between princely garments and Byzantine fashion of 10-11th cent. <dd>A general category of overgarment that includes specific items such as the xalatov, kurtok, etc. <dd>Dictionary definitions from Ozhigov include: a special alternating arrangement of oarsmen, <b>clothing that is open down the front</b>, and things related to plowing. <p> <b> 5<5=L</b> (Remen') - Belt or strap. <p> <b> 5<5H>:</b> (Remeshok) - Small strap. Diminutive of remen'. <p> <b> 87K</b> (Rizy) - Holiday garment. Apparently the same as raspashnyj or xilu (khilu). <p> <b> C10E0</b> (Rubakha) - Linen (rarely silk) shift or tunic. Fundamental Russian garment. Also called sorochka. <p> <b> C15F</b> (Rubets) - Welt, hem. <p> <b> C:028F0</b> (Rukavitsa) - Mitten. Also barezhka. <p> <b> C18=</b> (rubin) - ruby. <p> <b> C1G8:</b> (Rubchik) - Rib or ridge on material. <p> <b> C=></b> (runo) - fleece, wool. <p> <b> OA:8</b> (Ryaski) - "duckweed" - Decorative metal chains, usually dangling from the temples to support kolti and temple <p> <b> OA8</b> (Ryasi) - Fringe of beads/pearls/precious stones strung on thread in various arrangements developed over time. (Precursor of podniza?) <p> <b>!065=L</b> (sazhen') - a measure of length roughly equivalent to 7 feet. Also a type of ornament mentioned in the Domostroi, but see the sazhona below. <p> <b>!06>=0</b> (sazhona) - refers to the pearling on the voshvy of a letnik... <p> <b>!0<>F25B</b> (Samotsvet) - Semi-precious stone. <p> <b>!0?>65:</b> (Sapozhek) - Boots. <p> <b>!0@0D0=</b> (sarafan) - A sleeveless upper indoor women's garment of various forms some of which resemble an "apron dress". <p> <b>!0@652=>5 ?5@5?;5B5=85</b> (Sarzhevnoe perepletenie) - Serge/twill weave. <p> <b>!1>@:0</b> (sborka) - gathers, assembly. <p> <b>!28=5F</b> (Svinets) - Lead. <b>!28B0</b> (Svita) - Long-sleeved wool overgarment, often fur-lined for winter. <p> <b>!28B:0</b> (Svitka) - little svita. Yet another term for sarafan according to Rabinovich. <p> <b>!5@4>;8:/A5@4>;8:>2K9</b> (Serdolik/serdolikovyj) - red or orange semi-precious stone, a type of chalcedony, carnelian, sard. <p> <b>!5@L30</b> (Ser'ga) - Earring. <b>!5@<O30/A5@OG=8</b> (Sermyaga/seryachni) - Rough homespun wool fabric used in peasant clothing. <p> <b>!5@<O6=K9</b> (sermyazhnyj) - twill. <p> <b>!:0=L</b> (Skan') - filigree. <p> <b>!:0B5@BL</b> (Skatert') - tablecloth, also a plat or shirinka "to cover a table/meal". <p> <b>!:;04:0</b> (Skladka) - fold, crease, pleat. <p> <b>!:>@;0B</b> (Skorlat) - Smooth imported wool fabric. French alogo? <p> <b>!<C@K9</b> (Smuryj) - dark, blended color (brown-black-gray), peasant broadcloth of mixed dark wool (Dal'). <p> <b>!>=-B@02K</b> (Son-travy) "dream/sleep herb" - Source of blue dye. <p> <b>!>@>G:0/A>@>G5:0/A@0G8F0/A>@>F8F0</b> (Sorochka/sorocheka/srachitsa/sorotsitsa) - Loose shift worn as base layer of clothing. Generally made of linen. Also called a rubakha. Women's underwear. <p> <b>!>@>G:0 =>G=0O</b> (Sorochka nochnaya) - Night shirt. According to zhargon, appeared in Gothic period, before that time slept either nude or in the same clothes they wore during the day, but sorochka became the usual evening clothes only in the 19th century. <p> <b>!?@O4K20;8</b> (Spryadyvali) - Fine spun-gold thread with linen. <p> <b>!B0<5B=0O</b> (Stametnaya) - ? <p> <b>!B>;1C=5F</b> (stolbunets) - a girl's fur hat. <p> <b>!B>?0</b> (Stopa) - Foot. As in something that Russian women's clothes should be short enough to show. <p> <b>!BK:</b> (Styk) - Joint/seam of fabric? <p> <b>!C:<0=</b> (Sukman) - a "sukonnyj" kaftan, or broadcloth sarafan, something made of sukmanina. <p> <b>!C:<0=8=0</b> (Sukmanina) - peasant half-wool homespun fabric, wool weft on linen warp, etc. <p> <b>!C:=></b> (Sukno) - Smooth woolen cloth. Can be used to make podvertki (leg wraps) and overgarments. <p> <b>!C:>==K9</b> (Sukonnyj) - cloth. <p> <b>!C@>2K9</b> (Suroovyj?) - unbleached, brown, harsh. <p> <b>"0;8O</b> (Taliya) - Waist. " B0;8N" means fitted at the waist. <p> <b>"0G0BL</b> (tachat') - to stitch. <p> <b>"0G=K<</b> (tachnym) - stitches? <p> <b>"5;OB8=0/B5;OG=K9</b> (telyatina/telyachnyj) - Calf, veal. <p> <b>"5<O</b> (temya) - crown of head. <p> <b>"5@5<G0B>9</b> (teremchatoj) - ? <p> <b>"5@5<:0<8</b> (teremkami) - pointed "battlements" on upper edge of the venets per Stamerov, vs gorodkami. Supposed to be teremki? <p> <b>"5AL<0</b> (tes'ma) - braid, also term used for the products of card weaving. <p> <b>":0F:89 AB0=>:</b> (Tkatskij stanok) - Loom. <p> <b>">;ABK9</b> (Tolstyj) - Thick or heavy. <p> <b>">=:89</b> (Tonkij) - Thin, fine. <p> <b>">@;>?</b> (torlop) - fur-lined letnik (i.e. kortel') per Rabinovich. <p> <b>"@02G0BK9</b> (travchatyj) - flowered. <p> <b>"C;C?</b> (tulup) - sheepskin coat. <p> <b>"J;AB8=K</b> (T"lstiny) - Unbleached linen fabric. See also xlast/xolst. <p> <b>#1@CA/C1>@0</b> (Ubrus/ubora) - Veil or head scarf worn by married women. Also known as povoi. <p> <b>#282:0/C282>:</b> (uvivka/uvivok) - ? <p> <b>#B>:</b> (Utok) - Weft. <p> <b>#75;</b> (Uzel) - Knot, or junction. <p> <b>#7G8=>9</b> (uzchinoj) - tight/dense kholst fabric. <p> <b>#B>:</b> (utok) - weft, woof. (Osmova is the warp). <p> <b>$0B0</b> (Fata) - Veil, bridal veil. <p> <b>$0;40</b> (Falda) - Coat tail. <p> <b>$8>;5B>2K9</b> (Fioletovyj) - Violet, purple. <p> <b>%0;0B>2</b> (Xalatov/khalatov) (pronounce khalatov) - An "oriental robe" a traditional garment among eastern slavs that was modified in 10-11th cent with influence from Byzantium, according to post-revolutionary researchers. A type of raspashnyj. <p> <b>%0<;5B</b> (khamlet) - a kind of plush fabric, from khaml meaning nap, pile. See also zufnyj. <p> <b>%8;C</b> (Xilu (khilu) - "Oriental" silk overgarment/robe mentioned by Ibn Fadlan. Apparently the same garment as the "rizy" or chasuble. See rashpashnoj. <p> <b>%8B>=0</b> (Xitona/khitona) - The loose clothes of ancient Russian noble women were called xitonami (chitons) by pre-revolutionary researchers who drew direct analogues between princely garments and Byzantine fashion of 10-11th cent. <p> <b>%;0AB/%>;AB</b> (Xlast/xolst) (khlast/kholst) - Unbleached, often homewoven, linen (and also hemp or cotton) fabric. Can be translated as canvas. Uzchinoj is tight kholst. See also t"lstiny. <p> <b>&5?/F5?>G:0</b> (Tsep or tsepochka) - Chain. A tsepochka would be a more delicate chain. <p> <b>'5;></b> (Chelo) - See ochel'e. <p> <b>'5;>1CB=K9</b> (Chelobutnyj) - ? <p> <b>'5@52LO/G5@528G:8</b> (Cherev'ya/cherevichki) - Porshnoi (shoes) made of the more delicate leather from the belly (chreva) of a hide. <p> <b>'5@25F</b> (Chervets) - Coccides, refers to scale insects/dyes related to cochineal. True cochineal was found in Mexico in the 1500s by the Spaniards, so other related dyes were used in most of SCA period - lac, kermes, Polish cochineal... <p> <b>'5@2G0B>9</b> (Chervchatoj) - Derived from chervets above? <p> <b>'5@528:/G5@528:8</b> (Cherevik/chereviki) - Shoes (made of belly leather?). <p> <b>'5@<=K9</b> (Chermnyj) - A dark/dull red (also an old term for red hair). <p> <b>'5@=8;L=K5 >@5H:8</b> (Chernil'nye oreshki) - Oak gall (used in dying). <p> <b>'5@?5F</b> (Cherpets) - A woman's headdress for those of high rank. <p> <b>'>;0</b> (Chola) - Type of headdress. See nachilnik. <p> <b>'@520</b> (Chreva) - Belly of an animal. <p> <b>'C30</b> (Chuga) - An "ancient" riding garment. <p> <b>'C;>:</b> (Chulok/chulki) - Stockings. Term shows up in discussions of what was worn on the legs <b>instead</b> of stockings. I have seen contradictory documentation of stockings in early period garb. Other "stocking" terms: nagolenki, nogovitsa. <p> <b>(0?:0</b> (Shapka) - Hat. <p> <b>(5@ABL</b> (Sherst') - wool, hair, fur. <p> <b>(845==>9</b> (Shidennoy) - Refers to colored silk rubakhas worn on holidays by nobility in later period. <p> <b>(8:>;>B:0</b> (Shikolotka) - Ankle. <p> <b>(8@8=:0</b> (Shirinka) - width of cloth, towel, handkerchief, apron without a bodice, applique, insert, piece... <p> <b>(8BL</b> (Shit') - To sew. To embroider. <p> <b>(=C@>:</b> (Shnurok) - Shoelace. Lace. <p> <b>(>20@K</b> (Shovary) - Some sort of men's trousers or undergarment in later period? Seen in an email on SIG and not yet found in my references. <p> <b>(B0=K</b> (Shtany) - Pants. <p> <b>(C10/HC1:0</b> (Shuba/shubka) "fur coat" - Fine winter overgarment with narrow, extremely long sleeves. Possibly developed in 14-15th centuries, or just a later term for a fancy svita? See also opashni. <p> <b>(C1:0</b> (Shubka) - little shuba. Another term for sarafan according to Rabinovich. <p> <b>(20<8</b> (Shvami) - Decoration for porshnoi shoes. Woven (pleteshok) somehow? <p> <b>(25=7K</b> (Shvenzy) - Used as part of the description of the main hoop of sergi-trojchatki (three-pendant earrings). <p> <b>(CHC=</b> (shushun) - Sarafan. <p> <b>/=B0@L</b> (yantar') - amber, actually appears rather little in discussion of Rus clothing. <p> <b>/E>=B</b> (yakhont) - ruby or sapphire (chemically these are very similar gems). <p> </font> <hr> If you have any insight on the above words, or any questions, please share them. <i>lkies@jumpgate.net</i><br> Return to <a href=index.html>Russian Material</a> <p> COPYRIGHT (c) 2006-2007 by Lisa Kies. You may make copies for personal use and to distribute for educational purposes but only if the article remains complete and entire with original authorship clearly noted. <p> <hr> </table> </body>